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排序方式: 共有186条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
181.
在装备再制造周期及再制造费用基本概念的基础上,给出了再制造费用参数的相关内容,并阐述了工程估算法、专家判断估算法、参数估算法、类比估算法等4种装备再制造费用分析及预测估算的方法,构建了基于工程估算法的再制造费用分解结构,并对再制造费用分析流程进行了详细描述,可为形成正确的再制造设计方案提供费用决策依据。 相似文献
182.
This article provides conditions under which total‐cost and average‐cost Markov decision processes (MDPs) can be reduced to discounted ones. Results are given for transient total‐cost MDPs with transition rates whose values may be greater than one, as well as for average‐cost MDPs with transition probabilities satisfying the condition that there is a state such that the expected time to reach it is uniformly bounded for all initial states and stationary policies. In particular, these reductions imply sufficient conditions for the validity of optimality equations and the existence of stationary optimal policies for MDPs with undiscounted total cost and average‐cost criteria. When the state and action sets are finite, these reductions lead to linear programming formulations and complexity estimates for MDPs under the aforementioned criteria.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 66:38–56, 2019 相似文献
183.
Operating costs per unit of input or output are often claimed to grow faster in defence than elsewhere in the economy. In this paper, we outline several possible reasons as to why operating costs increase at higher rates in defence, including differences in the input factor mix and productivity growth, the technological complexity required to maintain the relative effect of weapon systems and a gradual reduction in the number of units and activity. We investigate whether operating costs grow at a faster rate than elsewhere in the economy, by estimating growth in real output unit costs in the Norwegian Armed Forces for the period 1994–2013, using activity as a measure of output. We find no increase beyond general inflation in structural (fixed) costs, whereas activity-based (variable) costs per unit of activity increase significantly. 相似文献
184.
Jomana Amara 《Defense & Security Analysis》2019,35(3):326-342
In 1968, President Nixon established the Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Force, or the Gates Commission, which served as the impetus and justification for an All-Volunteer Force (AVF). At the end of its deliberations, the commission recommended abolishing the draft and transforming the U.S. military into a force of volunteers beginning in 1973. Interestingly, the debate regarding the merits of both systems appeared to be largely economic – with cost–benefit analysis playing the primary role. Lately, we are beginning to see a new, politically-motivated impetus for returning to a “system of national service.” The ideas spurring this debate are many: the need to reaffirm the nation state, the commitment of citizens to the state, political ownership and oversight of the forces, the need for social equity in serving the nation, limiting the support for armed conflict by burden-sharing among citizens, and equitably spreading the personal cost of war. 相似文献
185.
维修保障费用是影响装甲装备使用可用度的重要因素之一。要在有限的保障经费下实现高可用度要求,就必须建立装甲装备的使用可用度与维修保障费用的优化模型。根据装甲装备实际维修特点,在分析装甲装备预防性维修过程中故障类型多样的基础上,构建了装甲装备在给定维修周期内的使用可用度模型和维修保障费用模型,进而建立了使用可用度与维修保障费用的优化模型,提出了模型的解法和模型的改进建议。 相似文献
186.